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This study aimed to evaluate changes in survival over time and the prognostic factors in critical COVID-19 patients receiving mechanical ventilation with/without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using the largest database in Japan. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help This group has an overall IFR just over 1% (or 1 death for every 100 infected). COVID-19 was reported as the underlying cause of death for most COVID-19related deaths. "ARDS." Why are different types of breathing supports for COVID-19 patients? These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. COVID-19 has given ventilators an undeservedly bad reputation, says Dr. Colin Cooke, an associate professor of medicine in the division of pulmonary and critical care at the University of Michigan. Further, a higher number of overall (all-cause) deaths occurred compared to the number that would be expected based on previous years of data (excess deaths). Treatment focuses on supportive care and symptom relief. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107934. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Ventilator days before starting ECMO and survival rate. . Can the gut microbiota and metabolome explain variation in anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses in immunosuppressed IBD patients? Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, the prevalence of long COVID among older individuals was found to be lower than that among younger individuals. }); But after that, beginning with the 65-69 age group, the IFR rises sharply. While it takes longer to get results, a PCR test is usually more accurate than an antigen test. Data represent hospitalizations, not patients. Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have developed online tools for estimating individual and community-level risk for COVID-19 mortality. The overall survival rate for ventilated patients was 79%, 65% for those receiving ECMO. Infectious diseases society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. CDC twenty four seven. From April through September 2022, COVID-19related mortality rates remained relatively stable; to date, this has been the longest interval during the pandemic in which the COVID-19related mortality rate was <22 deaths per 100,000 population for all age groups. The site is secure. The survey also gathered data on COVID-19 symptoms and close contacts that had probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the, The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. The questionnaire determined the results from rapid antigen, at-home test kits, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)tests in the two weeks leading up to the survey, which was when Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants were the dominant circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. N Engl J Med. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. COPYRIGHT 1978-2022 BY THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH. to 68%.REFERENCES:
COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause for most COVID-19related deaths. Of 165 patients admitted to ICUs, 79 (48%) died. $('mega-back-specialties').on('click', function(e) { COVID-19related deaths among children remained rare. The survival rate of ventilated patients increased from 76% in the first outbreak to 84% in the fifth outbreak (p < 0.001). Although the highest proportion of COVID-19related deaths occurred in hospitals during JanuarySeptember 2022, an increased proportion of COVID-19related deaths were reported in other settings such as homes, long-term care facilities and hospice facilities than in prior years of the pandemic. The 0-4 and 15-19 age groups are three times likelier to die than the 5-9 and 10-14 age groups, but the risk is still exceedingly small at 0.003% (or 3 deaths for every 100,000 infected). Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 can affect the liver, heart, kidneys, gut, and brain, in addition to the respiratory system. -, Jayk Bernal A, da Gomes Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. An unfortunate and consistent trend has emerged in recent months: 98% of COVID-19 patients on . The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. However, during JanuarySeptember 2022, COVID-19 was identified as a contributing cause of death rather than the underlying cause for a higher proportion of COVID-19related deaths than in prior years of the pandemic. Would you like email updates of new search results? The CDC data shows that most people who have died from COVID-19, about 79%, have been people ages 65 and older. rates for ARDS depend upon the cause associated with it, but can vary from 48%
Adults aged 85 years remained at particularly high risk of dying, with the proportion of COVID-19related deaths accounted for by adults in this age group increasing during AprilSeptember 2022 from ~28% to ~40% of COVID-19related deaths. Of the 817 patients needing advanced respiratory support who were under the age of 50, 265 (32%) died compared to a mortality rate of 65% for patients 50 years old. Surveillance measures also need to evolve to accommodate the long-lasting effects of severe COVID-19. Tough Journeys: When Cancer Strikes People Living With Dementia, Sea Spray Can Waft Polluted Coastal Water Inland, Cats, Dogs 'Part of the Family' for Most American Pet Owners: Poll, Dozens of Medical Groups Launch Effort to Battle Health Misinformation. The American Council on Science and Health is a research and education organization operating under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. USA leads all the countries. According to the CDC, about 3%-17% of patients with COVID-19 develop lung-related complications that require hospitalization, such as pneumonia. A nurse at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Manhattan holds a cellphone last month so a COVID-19 patient can see and listen to his family. See additional information. For more details about NHCS, visit the National Hospital Care Survey website. Decreased use of intensive medical interventions among patients who died in-hospital with COVID-19 could also reflect the increased occurrence of deaths among older people with multiple comorbidities who might not have tolerated or benefited from such interventions or, who did not agree to intensive medical intervention. Ann Acad Med Singap. To generate the best estimates possible, a team of scientists led by Megan O'Driscoll and Henrik Salje collected data on COVID-19 deaths in 45 countries and nearly two dozen seroprevalence studies (which determine the percentage of a population that has antibodies against the coronavirus and, hence, the percentage likely to have been infected). Complications can occur during intubation or ventilation, which can sometimes be life-threatening. When SPo2 levels fall below 93% it is a sign that oxygen therapy is required. Trials. Information collected includes diagnoses, procedures, demographics, discharge status, and patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth). To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Which Drugs Really Help with Motion Sickness? Has the risk of COVID-19related mortality changed overall and for specific demographic groups? Are "Low Dose" Health Effects of Chemicals Real? jQuery(function($) { Due to differences in data collection methods, patient populations covered, variation in the hospitals and/or jurisdictions included in data systems, completeness of reporting, and availability of demographic or geographic information, all reported results may not be generalizable to the entire U.S. population. COVID-19 has become a leading . Mechanical ventilation is a treatment to help a person breathe when they find it difficult or are unable to breathe on their own. The mean age of the patients was 63.7915.26 years. Inflammation in the lungs and respiratory tract can reduce the flow of oxygenated blood throughout the body, causing a patient to gasp for air. People in the 75-79 age group have more than a 3% chance of dying if infected with coronavirus, while people aged 80 and over have more than an 8% chance of dying. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a narrative review. Mechanical ventilation is part of the arsenal of supportive care clinicians use for COVID-19 coronavirus disease patients with the most severe lung symptoms. NPR Frets About 'Weight Stigma' As Doctors Fight Childhood Obesity, Ignore the News: Earth Is Getting Cleaner and Healthier, Another Lousy Anti-Vaping Study, Debunked, Insanity: Doctor Gives Teenage Son Cigarettes to Break Vaping Habit, Underwater Suicide? Keywords: However, during this period, 2,000-4,500 COVID-19-related deaths were reported weekly. The risk of in-hospital death for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 declined among all adult age groups. COVID-19 can cause lasting damage to multiple organs, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and brain. For mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 and ARDS: The Panel recommends using low tidal volume (VT) ventilation (VT 4-8 mL/kg of predicted body weight) over higher VT ventilation (VT >8 mL/kg) ( AI ). $(".mega-back-specialties").removeClass("mega-toggle-on"); People can also protect themselves and others by wearing a mask or respirator, getting tested if needed, staying home if experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, improving ventilation when indoors, and other layered prevention measures. When the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was analyzed according to sociodemographic factors, adults between the ages of 18 and 24 had a higher incidence of infections, as did non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults. Crit Care. 40%higher.COVID is neutered. Background The first cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Brazil were diagnosed in February 2020. Improvement is needed to decrease risk for COVID-19related mortality. The point prevalence of long COVID was also estimated based on participants who had previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and confirmed symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and difficulty concentrating that persisted for more than four weeks after recovering from COVID-19. Infection was confirmed . These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The mortality rate and follow-up periods in patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged widely. And if CPR is ineffective in these patients, we should not be subjecting caregivers to the risks involved in resuscitation. The derivation and validation cohorts for the risk scores included 578 and 464 patients, respectively. People between 45 and 64 years old account for about 18% of COVID-19 deaths, and. Tests used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) may use two methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19 disease, adebilitating and potentially deadly viral pneumonia. According to clinical management protocols, patients typically require 5 L/min oxygen flow. Updated: Jun 11, 2014. with these terms and conditions. Preliminary data from Emory University in Atlanta support that prediction. The entire cohort included 1042 patients (median age, 64 years; 56.8% male). In addition to overall trends, we present detailed analysis of recent trends during which Omicron subvariants have been the predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains. The 0-4 and 15-19 age groups are three times likelier to die than the 5-9 and 10-14 age groups, but the risk is still exceedingly small at 0.003% (or 3 deaths for every 100,000 infected). low levels of oxygen in the blood, which can cause your organs to fail. Thanks to everyone on Twitter who contributed to the discussion. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. (The red line in the chart marks where the "1% threshold" is crossed.) During MarchAugust 2022, risk of in-hospital death was lower than during June 2021February 2022. These data reflect cases among persons with a positive specimen collection date . Emergency endotracheal intubation is defined by an any listed Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) procedure code 31500. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in COVID-19: an international cohort study of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. Terms of Use. Additionally, there is variation in how event-based data are organized by date (e.g., event date compared to report date) across data sources. $('.mega-back-button-mediaresources').on('click', function(e) { In a May 26 study in the journal Critical Care Medicine, Martin and a group of colleagues found that 35.7 percent of covid-19 patients who required ventilators died a significant percentage but. "Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2." Take this quiz to find out! "We still have a large number of patients on mechanical ventilation in our intensive care unit," she says. When COVID-19 leads to ARDS, a ventilator is needed to help the patient breathe. Lancet. Alessandri F, Di Nardo M, Ramanathan K, Brodie D, MacLaren G. J Intensive Care. Retrieved on March 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230227/Study-shows-COVID-19-rates-were-likely-forty-times-higher-than-CDC-estimates-during-BA4BA5-dominant-period-in-the-US.aspx. CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Study shows COVID-19 rates were likely forty-times higher than CDC estimates during BA.4/BA.5 dominant period in the U.S.. News-Medical. Our Emergency Department (ED) was designated as a COVID-19 exclusive service. Early Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody sotrovimab. "I think overall these mortality rates are going to be higher than we're used to seeing but not dramatically higher," he says. (Note that an IFR of 0.001% means that one person in that age group will die for every 100,000 infected.) And the mortality rate "is in the mid-to-high 20% range," he says. Prognostic factors were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis. The immunoglobulin or serology tests can tell whether or not you have been exposed to coronavirus, but not whether you are currently infected. The IFR then grows substantially and becomes quite scary for people in their 70s and older. Stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines, including boosters. Image Credit: Cryptographer / Shutterstock.com, Study results provide strong evidence for association of genetic markers to long COVID mappable to fatigue. Some patients, however, may end up using less oxygen (2-3 L/min). Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Sidharthan, Chinta. Vaccines continued to be effective in reducing COVID-19related mortality, 3. The majority of patients were changed to ECMO after 23 ventilator days; however, some patients were changed to ECMO after a longer period of ventilatory management. patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according age group, i.e., 60 years and . Autopsy studies of patients who died of severe SARS CoV-2 infection reveal presence of . And in April, it faced an onslaught of sick people with COVID-19. between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide. Learn some signs that might indicate just that. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Robert Nickelsberg/Getty Images Careers. Second, the IFR slowly increases with age through the 60-64 age group. In patients 80 years old with asystole or PEA on mechanical ventilation, the overall rate of survival was 6%, and survival with CPC of 1 or 2 was 3.7%. There have been five outbreaks in Japan to date. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Respiratory Failure During Respiratory Epidemics and Pandemics: A Narrative Review. For the most serious COVID-19 cases in which patients are not getting enough oxygen, doctors may use ventilators to help a person breathe. Probably the most useful measure is the infection-fatality rate (IFR), which answers the question, "If I get sick, what is the chance that I will die?" Data in this report are provided from multiple data sources to understand recent mortality trends. The survival rate of ventilated patients increased from 76% in the first outbreak to 84% in the fifth outbreak (p < 0.001). However, during this period, 2,0004,500 COVID-19related deaths were reported weekly. Variation across data sources in the time ranges presented are due to differences in data availability and reporting frequency, with the most recently available data ranging from June 2022 to November 2022 (see Data Source Notesfor additional information). This report builds on previous work and contains preliminary results, as well as pertinent data from previously published analyses, that can improve understanding of COVID-19related deaths, drive public health action, and inform further scientific inquiry. 2020 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478. $("mega-back-deepdives .mega-sub-menu").show(); These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Could you have already had COVID-19 and not know it? And unlike the New York study, only a few patients were still on a ventilator when the data were collected. (See chart.). Posted in: Medical Science News | Medical Research News | Medical Condition News | Disease/Infection News | Healthcare News, Tags: Anosmia, Antigen, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Disease COVID-19, Cough, Diagnostic, Diarrhea, Dyspnea, Education, Fatigue, Fever, immunity, Medicine, Mortality, Nasal Congestion, Nausea, Omicron, Pandemic, Polymerase, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Public Health, Respiratory, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Sore Throat, Syndrome, Throat, Vaccine. ARDS can be life-threatening. The Panel recommends targeting plateau pressures of <30 cm H 2 O ( AIIa ). (accessed March 04, 2023). hide caption. With this data, let's hope that public health officials and policymakers can craft smart guidelines in regard to what parts of society should be locked down and how vaccines should be allocated. Qasmieh, S. A., Robertson, M. M., Teasdale, C. A.. Hospitalizations and deaths did not increase either 24.4 or. The B5 variant was more contagious but not as deadly. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID in US adults during the BA.4/BA.5 surge, JuneJuly 2022. Early reports from China, the United Kingdom and Seattle found mortality rates as high as 90% among patients on ventilators. When COVID-19 leads to ARDS, a ventilator is needed to help the patient breathe. Enough Already! In this report, we provide an overview of COVID-19related mortality in the United States as of November 9, 2022. There are several observations worth noting. In the present study, the researchers conducted a bilingual and cross-sectional survey among U.S. adults above the age of 18 through mobile phones and landlines for four days starting July 30, 2022. Other indications for starting ventilation in a patient include: Sedation is required for ventilation, during which a breathing tube is placed in the patient's windpipe through intubation. Oxygen therapy is beneficial in cases in which a patient has: Pneumonia or ARDS Dyspnea (severe shortness of breath) Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation on the tissue level without the presence of other physical symptoms) I can move but a lot of us can't leave the States. ARDS reduces the ability of the lungs to provide oxygen to vital organs. -. All estimates shown meet the NCHS Data Presentation Standards for Proportions. Although overall COVID-19related mortality rates declined, adults aged 65 years continued to have the highest mortality rates. We know nothing about the survival rate of COVID-19 patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 2023 Feb 8;11(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40560-023-00654-7. Denying coronavirus is not going to allow it to go away. The queried list of symptoms included fever, nasal congestion or runny nose, cough, fatigue, dyspnea, headaches, body aches, anosmia, ageusia, nausea, diarrhea, and sore throat. Comparative Propensity Matched Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Respiratory Failure-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation or Maximum Ventilation Alone. The point prevalence of COVID-19 was estimated for confirmed, probable, and possible cases based on self-reported positive test results and close contact with confirmed cases. Here's what you need to know. 8600 Rockville Pike Coronavirus is primarily a respiratory virus that severely impairs lung function. If the number of critically ill patients exceeds the current supply of intensive care beds and ventilators as occurred in Italy, it would help intensivists to triage. $('mega-back-mediaresources').on('click', function(e) { And people outdoors were BBQ or not wearing a mask at all. During five COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan, the survival rate of ventilated patients tended to have gradually improved, and that of ECMO patients did not deteriorate. Although survival rates vary across studies and countries, a report from London's Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre found that 67% of reported COVID-19 patients from England, Wales, and Northern Ireland receiving "advanced respiratory support" died. COVID-19 vaccines continued to reduce the risk of dying from COVID-19 among all adult age groups, including adults aged 65 years, with the greatest protection observed among older adults who received 2 booster doses. Teflon and Human Health: Do the Charges Stick? $(".mega-back-deepdives .mega-sub-menu").hide(); The reason is two-fold: (1) Determining what constitutes a "COVID death" isn't always clear. (2023, February 27). For patients who require a ventilator, it can often mean the difference between life and death. COVID-19 Data Reviews provide timely updates and share preliminary results of analyses that can improve the understanding of the pandemic and inform further scientific inquiry. See this image and copyright information in PMC, Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 143. Our doctors define difficult medical language in easy-to-understand explanations of over 19,000 medical terms. ARDS causes severe lung inflammation and leads to fluids accumulating in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs that transfer oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Reynolds, HN. Oxygen support may be provided for an extended period depending on the severity of the disease. There have been five outbreaks in Japan to date. Check today to see if and when to get your COVID-19 booster using CDCs booster tool, and find a vaccine location in your community. Emadi A, Chua JV, Talwani R, Bentzen SM, Baddley J. "So the outcomes of those patients is still uncertain. 18 Despite major progress in the care of patients with ARDS, Following third dose of BNT162b2, adverse events increased in those with prior COVID-19, COVID-19 increases risk of developing chronic diseases, 25% of COVID-19 patients have lasting reduction in lung function, Evidence that cross-reactive immunity from common human coronaviruses can influence response to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections likely protect against BA.4 infection, Rebounding of COVID-19 symptoms and viral load are common among untreated COVID-19 patients. Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. She has received the Canadian Governor Generals bronze medal and Bangalore University gold medal for academic excellence and published her research in high-impact journals. coronavirus (covid-19) health center/coronavirus a-z list/when does a covid-19 patient need a ventilator article. Normal oxygen saturation levels range between 94%-99%. MedTerms medical dictionary is the medical terminology for MedicineNet.com. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Survival curve analysis for predicting mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation. Image Credit: Cryptographer / Shutterstock.com. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This report is intended for scientific and public health professionals, however, the information provided could be of use to other groups and the public. 2020 Oct 28;21(1):897. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04819-9. While estimates of COVID-19's infection fatality rate (IFR) range from study to study, the expert consensus does indeed place the death rate at below 1 percent for most age groups.. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230227/Study-shows-COVID-19-rates-were-likely-forty-times-higher-than-CDC-estimates-during-BA4BA5-dominant-period-in-the-US.aspx. Let it go. $(".mega-back-mediaresources .mega-sub-menu").hide(); }); This reduces the ability of the lungs to provide enough oxygen to vital organs. Masks Depart, 'Stomach Flu' Arrives. More information is available, Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People, Impact of Vaccination on Risk of COVID-19Related Mortality, COVID-19 as the Underlying or Contributing Cause of Death, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Science Brief: Indicators for Monitoring COVID-19 Community Levels and Making Public Health Recommendations, SARS-CoV-2 Infection-induced and Vaccine-induced Immunity, SARS-CoV-2 and Surface (Fomite) Transmission for Indoor Community Environments, Use of Masks to Control the Spread of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. A mechanical ventilator pushes airflow into the patients lungs. 118,325 inpatient confirmed COVID-19 discharges. Furthermore, four immunity categories were created based on vaccination status and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, ranging from individuals who had no immunity to individuals who had hybrid immunity from vaccinations and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0 (2020). The National Hospital Care Survey (NHCS), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), collects data on patient care in hospital-based settings to describe patterns of health care delivery and utilization in the United States. For weeks where there are less than 30 encounters in the denominator, data are suppressed. N Engl J Med. The prevalence of infections also varied according to income and education levels, with groups with lower income and lower education having a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. }); The data used in these figures are considered preliminary, and the results may change with subsequent releases. $('.mega-back-button-deepdives').on('click', function(e) { We developed a prospective nationwide registry covering > 80% of intensive care units in Japan, and analyzed the association between patients' backgrounds, institutional ECMO experience, and timing of treatment initiation and prognosis between February 2020 and November 2021. The number of self-diagnosed patients are accurate than the CDC data. Then the media has a responsibly to release the facts, which they didn't cross reference. Why do we need to know the mortality rate of patients who are on mechanical ventilation or suffer cardiac arrest? The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. }); Without causal treatment, identification of modifiable prognostic factors may help to improve outcomes. -, Weinreich DM, Sivapalasingam S, Norton T, et al. $("mega-back-mediaresources .mega-sub-menu").show(); What is the outcome of patients who require ventilators due to COVID-19? Former Vice President of Scientific Communications. Of the 98 patients who received advanced respiratory supportdefined as invasive ventilation, BPAP or CPAP via endotracheal tube, or tracheostomy, or extracorporeal respiratory support66% died. But after that, beginning with the 65-69 age group, the IFR rises sharply. 2021;385:19411950. Probably the best published information we have so far is from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Center (ICNARC) in the UK. In some cases, COVID-19 can cause life-threatening lung complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. "It's always disheartening to know that some people are out there saying if you end up on a ventilator it's a death sentence, which is not what we are experiencing and I don't think it's what the data are showing," Cooke says.